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There are several commercial and industrial buildings that now exceed sixty stories or more. These buildings all need tall cranes to help move the materials to the higher floors. There are cranes which are operated from the rear of trucks or other kinds that have their own vehicle attached. Tower cranes are the largest kinds on the market.
Tower cranes are the stand-alone structures which are normally seen on high-rise building projects. Often, they are part of a major city's downtown skyline. When new construction like for example skyscrapers or apartment buildings and commercial facilities such as shopping center are being constructed, chances are a crane would be on site.
Types
There are two different types of cranes: jib crane of the boom crane. The jib is a metal frame which extends from the main section. On a flat tower crane, the jib remains horizontal when it carries things. On a luffing kind of tower crane, the jib could ratchet to upward or downward angles. The lifting capacity for both types could range from 30,000 lbs. to 10,000 lbs.
Body
The body of the crane is composed of a mast. This is a vertical steel frame which is a combination of individual sections. So as to increase the overall height of the equipment, sections are added. The mast extends upward to where the desired height is, to the control module, which is a small room that has glass windows on all four sides or to the tower as it is also referred to. The driver of the crane works from inside of the tower.
Lift
To raise materials, the crane uses a braided metal cord. The cord extends all the way to the end of the jib or boom from a motor located near the control module. There is a pulley system located at the end of the jib, through which the cord is positioned and lowered down. The jib which holds the cord becomes balanced by a counter jib situated on the tower's opposite side. The counter jib holds weights. These weights help to prevent the crane from toppling over when heavy materials are carried.
The hydraulic truck crane is a particular mobile crane which uses hydraulic power to lift and move thousands of pounds. Hydraulics uses forces being transmitted through oil pushing in opposite directions on the pistons of the boom so as to lift thousands of pounds. Hydraulic truck cranes are vital in building major projects like for instance bridges, airports, roadways and buildings. A crane could complete in minutes tasks that will normally take hundreds of men and lots of hours to complete.
These impressive equipments have played a vital part in constructing cities, houses, entire nations and individual buildings throughout the ages. Even Egypt's Great Pyramids were likely constructed using basic cranes to enable the heaviest materials in one of the most remarkable construction projects ever.
The very first cranes were established during 3000 B.C. Egypt in the reign of King Ramses. This lifting device was initially used to collect water. The first official "cranes" appeared during Ancient Greece. These devices were utilized to build an entire nation during the 5th century B.C.
Originally, cranes were first made out of wood. It wasn't until the designers constructing dockyards decided they required something stronger and larger did these machinery develop. Hick & Rothwell designed the very first cast iron cranes during the year 1834, in Bolton, England. This machinery can lift up to 2 tons. That very same year, wire ropes were added to the crane by an Official of the German Superior Board, Herr Albert Sr. The wire rope made the crane more durable and stronger. This addition enabled cranes to have a larger capacity for lifting heavy weights.
Eventually, the wire ropes were weaved together in order to form an even more powerful strength. This wire formation also brought the added benefit of flexibility. 4 years later, Germany started to build cast iron cranes. The first cast iron crane built by Germany was made within Neuburg.
